档案工作理论与实践 2026 年第 1 期
Archives Work: Theory and Practice 总第 1 期
行为选择基础视角下的档案开放与档案利用：
含义解读与关系辨析
王巧玲 杨梓晔 岳 泠
（北京联合大学应用文理学院，北京 100191）
【摘要】大力推进档案开放、保障档案利用权是2020 年版《中华人民共和国档案法》修订的重要内容之一。然而，对档案开放与利用的基础理论问题缺乏足够的重视，使相关实践与创新在一定程度上面临着概念解释含混与理论依据不足的困境。文章从现代治理理论的行为选择基础视角出发，对档案开放和档案利用进行了含义解读和两者关系辨析。档案开放的行为合法性基础为档案开放决策权，档案利用的行为合法性基础为档案利用权。虽然这两种权利都根源于档案所有权，但档案利用权既可以作为所有权的组成部分，为所有者所行使，也可以分割出来，经所有者授权给他人；而开放决策权通常只能由档案所有者行使，无法从档案所有权中单独分割出来。档案利用的动力性基础主要来自行为主体对“实用” 和“情感”的追求，而档案开放的动力性基础与档案的所有权性质密切相关。
【关键词】档案开放；档案利用；档案治理
【作者简介】王巧玲，北京联合大学应用文理学院，教授、硕士生导师，邮箱：wangql@buu.edu. cn，主要研究方向为档案学基础理论、档案治理与档案教育；杨梓晔，北京联合大学应用文理学院，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为档案开放与利用；岳泠，北京联合大学应用文理学院，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为档案资源开发与档案教育。
Archives Opening and Archives Utilization from the Perspective of Behavioral Choice:
Interpretation of Meaning and Analysis of Relationship
WANG Qiaoling, YANG Ziye, YUE Ling
(College of Applied Arts and Sciences, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191)
Abstract: This paper interprets the meaning and relationship between archives opening and archives utilization from the perspective of behavioral choice foundation in modern governance theory, and further explores how to understand archives opening review. The legitimacy of the act of opening archives is based on the decision-making right of archives opening, while the legitimacy of the act of utilizing archives is based on the right to utilize archives. Although both of these rights are rooted in archival ownership, the right to use archives can be exercised by the owner as a component of ownership, or can be separated and authorized by the owner to others; however, the right of archives opening decision-making can usually only be exercised by archive owners and cannot be separated from archive ownership. The dynamic foundation of archives utilization mainly comes from the pursuit of "practicality" and "emotion" by the behavioral subject, and the dynamic foundation of archives opening is closely related to the ownership nature of archives.
Keywords: Archives opening; Archives utilization; Archives governance
